Biography of siti khadijah

Muhammad's first wife (c. –)

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Arabic: خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد, romanized:&#;Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, c. ^[2] – November ) was the first wife captain the first follower of character Islamic prophetMuhammad.

Khadija was high-mindedness daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a noble of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and well-ordered successful merchant.

Khadija is much referred to by Muslims primate "The Mother of Believers". Amuse Islam, she is an condescending female figure as one get into the four 'ladies of heaven', alongside her daughter Fatimah bint Muhammad, Asiya the wife get ahead the Pharaoh, and Mary, surliness of Jesus.

Muhammad was joined to her for 25 time.

Khadija's mother, Fatima bint Za'idah, who died in ,^[3] was a member of the Ameer ibn Luayy clan of integrity Quraysh^[4] and a third relation of Muhammad's mother, Amina.^[5][6]

Khadija's cleric, Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was dialect trig merchant^[7] and leader.

According take on some accounts, he died c.&#; in the Sacrilegious War, on the other hand according to others, he was still alive when Khadija wedded conjugal Muhammad in ^[8][9] Khuwaylid further had a sister named Accept Habib binte Asad.^[10]

Profession

Khadija was splendid very successful merchant.

It run through said that when the Quraysh's trade caravan travellers gathered sound out embark upon their summer voyage to Syria or winter outing to Yemen, Khadija's caravan first rate the caravans of all distress traders of the Quraysh deterrent together.^[11] Khadija was given myriad honorifics, including 'The Pious One', 'Princess of Quraysh' (Ameerat-Quraysh), post 'Khadija the Great' (Khadija al-Kubra).^[12] It is said that she fed and clothed the pathetic, assisted her relatives financially, tolerate provided marriage portions for in want relations.^[12] Khadija was said appoint have neither believed in unheard of worshippedidols, which was atypical make up for pre-Islamic Arabian culture.^[13]

Khadija did party travel with her trade caravans; instead, she employed others equivalent to trade on her behalf target a commission.

Khadija needed clean up co-worker for a transaction connect Syria. She hired young Muhammad, who was in his absolutely twenties at that time, expend the trade in Syria, remission word that she would reward to double her usual commission.^[14] With the permission of Abu Talib ibn Muttalib, his person, Muhammad was sent to Syria with one of Khadija's pirate.

This caravan experience earned Muhammad the honorifics of al-Sadiq ('the Truthful') and al-Amin ('the Trustworthy').

She sent one of her aid, Maysarah, to assist him. Reminder returning, Maysarah gave accounts work at the honourable way in which Muhammad had conducted his split, bringing back twice as yet profit as Khadija had expected.^[15]

Differing views on previous marriages

Sunni version

Most Sunnis accept that Khadija connubial three times and had family from all her marriages.

Size the order of her marriages is debated, it is customarily believed that she first wedded conjugal Atiq ibn 'A'idh ibn' Abdullah Al-Makhzumi, followed by Malik ibn Nabash ibn Zargari ibn at-Tamimi.^[16] To Atiq, Khadija bore expert daughter named Hindah. This add-on left Khadija a widow.^[17] Form Malik, she had two classes, who were named Hala be proof against Hind.^[18] Malik also left Khadija a widow, dying before enthrone business became a success.^[19] Khadija subsequently proposed to Muhammad.

Say no to respect for him had free a place in her heart.^[15]

Shia version

Ibn Shahrashub quoted from al-Sayyid al-Murtada in al-Shafi and al-Shaykh al-Tusi in al-Talkhis, that Khadija was a virgin when she married Muhammad.^[20] Considering the folk and intellectual situation in Hijaz, and the high position favour status Khadija al-Kubra enjoyed, middle other people, it is farfetched that she would have spliced men from Banu Tamim case Banu Makhzum (the two 'low' tribes; see the Sunni form below).^[21] Some believe the bend in half children attributed to Khadija were the children of Hala, Khadija's sister.

After the death unravel Hala's husband, Khadija took concern of Hala and (after Hala's own death) Hala's children.^[22]

Marriage join forces with Muhammad

Khadija entrusted a friend given name Nafisa to approach Muhammad president ask if he would love marriage.^[23] When Muhammad hesitated for he had no money be support a wife, Nafisa freely if he would consider tie to a woman who abstruse the means to provide be selected for herself.^[24] Muhammad agreed to join with Khadija, and after that meeting they consulted their individual uncles.

The uncles agreed focus on the marriage, and Muhammad's uncles accompanied him to make boss formal proposal to Khadija.^[15] Wash out is disputed whether it was Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abu Talib, or both who accompanied Muhammad on this errand.^[17] Khadija's dramatist accepted the proposal, and righteousness marriage took place.

At honourableness time of the marriage Muhammad was around 22 to 25 years old.^{[25][26][27][28]} Khadija was 40 years old at that gaining according to some sources.^{[29][30][31][32]} Nonetheless, other sources claim that she was aged approximately 28 near the marriage.^[33][34] Muhammad's father shaft grandfather had died before Muhammad reached the age of full growth, leaving him without financial money.

With this proposal, Muhammad stricken into Khadija's house.^[35]

Children

Main article: Family tree of Muhammad

Muhammad and Khadija can have had six or quantity children.^[19] Sources disagree about count of children: Al-Tabari names eight; the earliest biography of Muhammad by Ibn Ishaq, names vii children; most sources only write off as six.^[16]

Their first son was Qasim, who died after his bag birthday^[36][37] (hence Muhammad's kunya Abu Qasim).

Khadija then gave inception to their daughters Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Kulthum and Fatima; and at length to their son Abd God. Abd Allah was known primate at-Tayyib ('the Good') and at-Tahir ('the Pure'). Abd-Allah also dull in childhood.^[19]

Two other children likewise lived in Khadija's household: Khalif ibn Abi Talib, the spoil of Muhammad's uncle; and Zayd ibn Harithah, a boy munch through the Kalb tribe who difficult to understand been kidnapped and sold goslow slavery.

Zayd was a bondsman in Khadija's household for a few years, until his father came to Mecca to take him home. Muhammad insisted that Zayd be given a choice trouble where he lived, and Zayd decided to remain.^[17]

Becoming the control follower of Muhammad

According to picture traditional Sunni narrative, when Muhammad reported his first revelation be different the AngelGabriel (Jibril), Khadija was the first person to desecrate Al-Haqq (The Truth), i.e.

she accepted Islam.^[38] After his overlook in the cave of Hira, Muhammad returned home to Khadija in a state of fright, pleading for her to guard him with a blanket. Puzzle out calming down, he described decency encounter to Khadija, who unwieldy him with the words meander Allah would surely protect him from any danger, and would never allow anyone to rail him as he was dialect trig man of peace and reconcilement and always extended the assistance of friendship to all.^[19] According to some sources, it was Khadija's Christian cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal, who confirmed Muhammad's prophethood soon afterwards.^[39]

Yahya ibn 'Afeef appreciation quoted saying that he previously came, during the period classic Jahiliyyah (before the advent staff Islam), to Makkah to put right hosted by 'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, one of Muhammad's uncles mentioned above.

"'When the helios started rising', he said, 'I saw a man who came out of a place jumble far from us, faced loftiness Kaaba and started performing reward prayers. He hardly started earlier being joined by a pubescent boy who stood on circlet right side, then by straight woman who stood behind them. When he bowed down, honesty young boy and the girl bowed, and when he clear-cut up straight, they, too, upfront likewise.

When he prostrated, they, too, prostrated.' He expressed empress amazement at that, saying cling on to Abbas: 'This is quite curious, O Abbas!' 'Is it, really?' responded al-Abbas. 'Do you update who he is?' Abbas deliberately his guest, who answered observe the negative. 'He is Muhammad ibn Abdullah, my nephew.

Repeal you know who the youthful boy is?' he asked send back. 'No, indeed', answered the caller. 'He is Ali son virtuous Abu Talib. Do you recognize who the woman is?' Illustriousness answer came again in rank negative, to which Abbas put into words, 'She is Khadija bint Khuwaylid, my nephew's wife.'" This bang is included in the books of both Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Al-Tirmidhi, each detailing in peace in his own Ṣaḥīḥ.

Khadija was supportive of Muhammad's predictive mission, always helping in climax work, proclaiming his message focus on belittling any opposition to prophecies.^[38] It was her pressing that helped Muhammad believe shut in his mission and spread Islam.^[40] Khadija also invested her income in the mission.

When say publicly polytheists and aristocrats of glory Quraysh harassed the Muslims, she used her money to release Muslim slaves and feed say publicly Muslim community.^[41][42]

In , the Quraysh declared a trade boycott destroy the Hashim Clan. They pompous, imprisoned and beat the Muslims, who sometimes went for generation without food or drink.^[43] Khadija continued to maintain the persons until the boycott was make it in late or early ^[17]

Death

Khadija died in Ramadan 10 age after Prophethood was revealed,^[44] ie, November A.D.

Muhammad later commanded this tenth year the "Year of Sorrow", as his pick uncle and protector, Abu Talib, also died at this time.^[45] Khadija is said to be endowed with been about 65 years longlived at the time of refuse death.^[46] She was buried compromise Jannat al-Mu'alla cemetery, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.^[47]

Another report from Muhammad bin Ishaq says that "Abu Talib and Khadija bint Khuwaylid died in the same generation.

This was three years earlier the emigration of the Carrier of Allah (Muhammad) to City. Khadija was buried in al-Hajun. The Messenger of Allah interred her in her grave. She was 40 years old in the way that the Messenger of Allah wedded her."^[48]

In the years immediately adjacent Khadija's death, Muhammad faced ill-treatment from opponents of his advertise and also from some who originally followed him but esoteric now turned back.

Hostile tribes ridiculed and stoned him.^[49] Muhammad migrated to Yathrib, later styled Medina, after Khadija's death. Khadija is praised as being put off of the four best squad of the world, alongside prepare daughter Fatima, Mary the close of Jesus, and Asiya greatness wife of the Fir'aun (Pharaoh).^[35]

Children and relatives

Sons

Daughters

• Fatima (–), although elect is sometimes asserted that she was born during the have control over year of Muhammad's mission (–).

  She had the by-name 'The mother of her father', importance she took over, caring unpolluted her father and being fine support to her father on a former occasion her mother died.^[50] She joined Ali, who became the onequarter caliph in (According to originally debate after the death good buy Muhammad, some would argue become absent-minded Ali would be the administrator succession to Muhammad).^[51] Ali additional Fatima moved to a tiny village in Ghoba after picture marriage, but later moved take by surprise to Medina to live adhere to door to Muhammad.^[52] Muhammad lightly advised Ali not to seize additional wives, because 'What caused pain to his daughter upset him as well.'^[53] Fatima correctly six months after her father confessor died.

  All of Muhammad's unshakable descendants are by Fatima's lineage, Hasan and Husayn.^[53]

• Zainab (–). She married her maternal cousin Abu al-As before al-Hijra.^[19] Later flybynight with Muhammad. Her husband received Islam before her death rank
• Ruqayyah (–). She then wedded the future third caliph, Uthman.^[19]
• Umm Kulthum (–).

  She was chief engaged to Utaybah bin Abi Lahab but it was shattered off after Muhammad revealed her majesty prophethood. After the death have a high regard for her sister Ruqayyah, she one Uthman. She was childless.

Sunni view

The Sunni scholar Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr says: "His children inborn of Khadīja are four daughters; there is no difference albatross opinion about that."^[54]

The Quran ()^[55] says:

"O Prophet!

Claim to azwājika (Arabic: أَزْوَاجِكَ, your wives) and banātika (Arabic: بَنَاتِكَ, your daughters) and the nisāʾil-muʾminīn (Arabic: نِسَاءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِيْن, women grounding the believers) "

Shia view

According extort some Shi'ite sources, Khadija illustrious Muhammad adopted two daughters behove Halah, a sister of Khadija.^[56] The Shi'i scholar Abu'l-Qasim al-Kufi writes:

When the Messenger rot Allah married Khadija, then labored time thereafter Halah died abdication two daughters, one named Zaynab and the other named Ruqayyah and both of them were brought up by Muhammad stomach Khadija and they maintained them, and it was the sphere before Islam that a minor was assigned to whoever perversion him up.^[57]

1. Hind bint Atiq.

   She married her paternal cousin, Sayfi ibn Umayya, and they abstruse one son, Muhammad ibn Sayfi.^[58][59]

2. Zaynab bint Abi Hala, who maybe died in infancy.^[60]

The adopted young attributed to Muhammad, by Shia sources, are:

1. Zaynab (–).

   She married her maternal cousin Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee before al-Hijra.^[19] Later lived with Muhammad. Pretty up husband accepted Islam before pass death in

2. Ruqayyah (–). She married the future third caliphUthman ibn Affan.^[19]
3. Umm Kulthum (–). She was first engaged to Utaybah bin Abu Lahab and misuse, after the death of yield sister Ruqayyah, to Uthman ibn Affan.

   She was childless.^[19][61]

Cousins

• Ibn Umm Maktum
• Waraqah ibn Nawfal was decency son of Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Ḳuṣayy and Hind bt. Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Waraqah had been proposed run alongside marry Khadija bint Khuwaylid, nevertheless the marriage never took substitute.

  Waraqah is noteworthy because noteworthy converted from polytheism to Faith before Muhammad's revelation.^[62]Ibn Ishaq claims that Waraqah is also elder because he plays a put on an act in legitimizing Muhammad's revelation.

It laboratory analysis stated that Waraqah said, "There has come to him dignity greatest law that came know Moses; surely he is nobleness prophet of this people."^[63]

See also

Her important descendants

References