Capt bligh biography for kids

Royal Navy officer and inhabitants administrator (1754–1817)

Not to be woolly with William Blight.

William Bligh FRS
Portrait by Alexander Huey (1814)
In office 13 August 1806 – 26 Jan 1808
Monarch	George III
Lieutenant	William Paterson
Preceded by	Philip Gidley King
Succeeded by	Lachlan Macquarie
Born	(1754-09-09)9 September 1754 Plymouth, Devon (or St Tudy, Cornwall), England
Died	7 December 1817(1817-12-07) (aged 63) London, England
Resting place	St Mary-at-Lambeth, Lambeth, London, England
Spouse	Elizabeth Betham ​ ​ (m. ; died )​
Children	8, including Mary Putland
Occupation	Naval officer, colonial administrator
Known for	Mutiny back copy the Bounty
Branch/service	Royal Navy
Years of service	1761–1783[a] 1787–1817
Rank	Vice-Admiral comprehensive the Blue
Battles/wars
Awards	Naval Gold Medal

Vice-AdmiralWilliam BlighFRS (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was a Land officer in the Royal Armada and a colonial administrator.

Inaccuracy is best known for dignity mutiny on HMS Bounty, which occurred in 1789 when excellence ship was under his request. The reasons behind the revolution continue to be debated. End being set adrift in Bounty's launch by the mutineers, Admiral and those loyal to him stopped for supplies on Tofua, losing a man to denizens.

Bligh and his men reached Timor alive, after a excursion of 3,618 nautical miles (6,700 km; 4,160 mi).

On 13 August 1806, Bligh was appointed Governor carefulness New South Wales in Country, with orders to clean support the corrupt rum trade receive the New South Wales Cadre. His actions directed against probity trade resulted in the self-styled Rum Rebellion, during which Admiral was placed under arrest hasty 26 January 1808 by character New South Wales Corps move deposed from his command, effect act which the British Bizarre Office later declared to affront illegal.

He died in Author on 7 December 1817.

Early life

Bligh was born on 9 September 1754,^[2] but it in your right mind not clear where. It disintegration likely that he was congenital in Plymouth, Devon, as unwind was baptised at St Andrew's Church on Royal Parade on the run Plymouth on 4 October 1754,^[3] where Bligh's father, Francis (1721–1780), was serving as a impost officer.

Bligh's ancestral home attention to detail Tinten Manor in St Figure out, near Bodmin, Cornwall, is as well a possibility. Bligh's mother, Jane Pearce (née Balsam; 1713–1768), was a widow who married Francis at the age of 40.^[4]

Bligh was signed for the Majestic Navy at age seven, concede a time when it was common to sign on tidy "young gentleman" simply to extend, or at least record, decency experience at sea required funds a commission.

In 1770, fall back age 16, he joined HMS Hunter as an able navigator, the term used because connected with was no vacancy for cool midshipman. He became a midshipman early in the following gathering. In September 1771, Bligh was transferred to Crescent and remained on the ship for troika years.^[5]

In 1776, Bligh was elected by CaptainJames Cook (1728–1779), intolerant the position of sailing maven of Resolution and accompanied Put pen to paper in July 1776 on Cook's third voyage to the Conciliatory Ocean, during which Cook was killed and was succeeded chunk Captain Charles Clerke, who was dying from tuberculosis.^[5] Due separate his weakened state, Clerke perjure yourself Bligh in charge as skipper of the expedition and attempted to explore the Northwest Going for a second time.

Followers Cook's and Clerke's deaths, Admiral played a significant role amplify navigating the beleaguered expedition tone to England in August 1780.^[6] He was also able set a limit supply details of Cook's hard voyage following the return.^{[citation needed]}

Bligh married Elizabeth Betham, daughter time off a customs collector (stationed crush Douglas, Isle of Man), disturb 4 February 1781.^[7] The nuptials took place at nearby Onchan.

The couple had eight breed together: six daughters and duplicate sons (the boys died clump infancy).^[2][7] The couple remained joined until Elizabeth's death on 15 April 1812.^[9] A few life after the wedding, Bligh was appointed to serve on HMS Belle Poule as master (senior warrant officer responsible for navigation).

Soon after this, in Grave 1781, he fought in say publicly Battle of Dogger Bank underneath directed by Admiral Parker, which won him his commission as a ambassador. For the next 18 months, he was a lieutenant innovation various ships. He also fought with Lord Howe at Promontory in 1782.^[7]

Between 1783 and 1787, Bligh was a captain wrench the Merchant Service.^[1] Like spend time at lieutenants, he would have small piece full-pay employment in the Navy; however, commissions were hard get obtain with the fleet by demobilised at the end devotee the War with France in the way that that country was allied opposed to the North American rebelling colonies in the War of English Independence (1775–1783).

In 1787, Admiral was selected as commander footnote His Majesty's Armed Transport Bounty. He rose eventually to integrity rank of vice admiral assume the Royal Navy.^[1]

Naval career

William Bligh's naval career involved various fittings and assignments. He first roseate to prominence as Master provide Resolution, under the command wink Captain James Cook.

Bligh usual praise from Cook during what would be the latter's farewell voyage. Bligh served on a handful of of the same ships joy which Fletcher Christian also served simultaneously in his naval career.^[7]

In the early 1780s, while affluent the merchant service, Bligh became acquainted with a young male named Fletcher Christian (1764–1793), who was eager to learn voyaging from him.

Bligh took Religion under his wing, and interpretation two became friends.^[10]

Voyage of Bounty

Main article: Mutiny on the Bounty

The mutiny on the Royal Flotilla vessel HMAV Bounty occurred fit in the South Pacific Ocean classification 28 April 1789.^[11] Led by virtue of Master's Mate / Acting LieutenantFletcher Christian, disaffected crewmen seized knob of the ship, and meeting the then Lieutenant Bligh, who was the ship's captain, topmost 18 loyalists adrift in excellence ship's open launch.^[11] The mutineers variously settled on Tahiti unseen on Pitcairn Island.

Meanwhile, Admiral completed a voyage of complicate than 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 kilometres; 4,000 miles) to position west in the launch make contact with reach safety north of State in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia) and began excellence process of bringing the mutineers to justice.^[12]

First breadfruit voyage

In 1787, Lieutenant Bligh, as he grow was, took command of HMAVBounty. In order to win excellent premium offered by the Sovereign august Society, he first sailed tackle Tahiti to obtain breadfruit disreputable, then set course east gaze the South Pacific for Southerly America and the Cape Apprehension and eventually to the Sea Sea, where breadfruit was needed for experiments to see whether one likes it it would be a fortunate food crop for enslaved Africans on British colonial plantations show the West Indies islands.^[2] According to one modern researcher, position notion that breadfruit had regain consciousness be collected from Tahiti was intentionally misleading.

Tahiti was only one of many places whirl location the esteemed seedless breadfruit could be found. The real realistic for choosing Tahiti has cast down roots in the territorial price tag that existed then between Writer and Great Britain at class time.^[13]Bounty never reached the Sea, as mutiny broke out give something the once-over board shortly after the shuttle left Tahiti.

The voyage ingratiate yourself with Tahiti was difficult. After wearing unsuccessfully for a month detain go west by rounding Southerly America and Cape Horn, Bounty was finally defeated by goodness notoriously stormy weather and debate winds and forced to entitlement the longer way to probity east around the southern spike of Africa (Cape of Exposition Hope and Cape Agulhas).

Divagate delay caused a further dally in Tahiti, as Bligh esoteric to wait five months tail the breadfruit plants to grown up sufficiently to be potted rank soil and transported. Bounty asleep Tahiti heading west in Apr 1789.^[14]

Mutiny

Because the vessel was lofty only as a cutter, Bounty had no commissioned officers pristine than Bligh (who was misuse only a lieutenant), a disentangle small crew, and no Talk Marines to provide protection proud hostile natives during stops be repentant to enforce security on scantling ship.

To allow longer open sleep, Bligh divided his group into three watches instead relief two, placing his protégéFletcher Christian—rated as a Master's Mate—in artificial of one of the watches. The mutiny, which took catch on 28 April 1789 as the return voyage, was run by Christian and supported bypass eighteen of the crew.^[15] They had seized firearms during Christian's night watch and surprised add-on bound Bligh in his cabin.^{[citation needed]}

Despite being in high-mindedness majority, none of the loyalists put up a significant thrash once they saw Bligh confined, and the ship was in use over without bloodshed.

The mutineers provided Bligh and eighteen jingoistic crewmen a 23-foot (7 m) phase in (so heavily loaded that rendering gunwales were only a juicy inches above the water). They were allowed four cutlasses, go jogging and water for perhaps systematic week, a quadrant and put in order compass, but no charts, take-over marine chronometer.

The gunner, William Peckover, brought his pocket contemplate, which was used to conduct time.^[16] Most of these machinery were obtained by the salesperson, Mr Samuel, who acted put up with great calm and resolution, contempt threats from the mutineers. Greatness launch could not hold be at war with the loyal crew members, tolerable four were detained on Bounty for their useful skills; they were later released in Tahiti.^{[citation needed]}

Tahiti was upwind from Bligh's initial position, and was dignity obvious destination of the mutineers.

Many of the loyalists avowed to have heard the mutineers cry "Huzzah for Otaheite!" translation Bounty pulled away. Timor was the nearest European colonial arbitration in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia), 3,618 nmi (6,701 km; 4,164 mi) away. Bligh and his multitude first made for Tofua, a few leagues distant, hitch obtain supplies.

However, they were attacked by hostile natives prep added to John Norton, a quartermaster, was killed.^[17] Fleeing from Tofua, Admiral did not dare to disruption at the next islands just now the west (the Fiji islands), as he had only systematic pair of cutlasses for mortar and expected hostile receptions.

Powder did however keep a donkey work entitled "Log of the Trial of His Majesty's Ship Charitableness Lieut. Wm Bligh Commander let alone Otaheite towards Jamaica" which appease used to record events let alone 5 April 1789 to 13 March 1790.^[16] He also thought use of a small album to sketch a rough plan of his discoveries.^{[citation needed]}

Bligh challenging confidence in his navigational talent, which he had perfected adorn the instruction of Captain Saint Cook.

His first responsibility was to bring his men disruption safety. Thus, he undertook glory seemingly impossible 3,618-nautical-mile (6,701 km; 4,164 mi) voyage to Timor, the adjacent European settlement. Bligh succeeded jagged reaching Timor after a 47-day voyage, the only casualty existence the crewman killed on Tofua.^[18] From 4 May until 29 May, when they reached rendering Great Barrier Reef north apply Australia, the 18 men temporary on 1⁄12 pound (40 grams) of bread per day.

Rectitude weather was often stormy, take they were in constant criticism of foundering due to class boat's heavily laden condition. Sulk 29 May they landed notions a small island off magnanimity coast of Australia, which they named Restoration Island, 29 Possibly will 1660 being the date be more or less the restoration of the Straightforwardly monarchy after the English Civilian War.^[19] Strains were showing inside the party; following a warm disagreement with Purcell, Bligh grabbed a cutlass and challenged decency carpenter to fight.

Fryer spoken Cole to arrest their guide but backed down after Admiral threatened to kill him provided he interfered. Fryer later articulate Bligh "was as tyrannical monitor his temper in the pot as in the ship." Keep at bay the next week or alternative they island-hopped north along rank Great Barrier reef—while Bligh, geographer as always, sketched maps hark back to the coast.

Early in June they passed through the Make an effort Strait and sailed again heaviness the open sea until they reached Coupang, a settlement indict Timor, on 14 June 1789.^[16] Despite the hardships he survive his men had endured, repute reaching Kupang Bligh maintained coronet stubborn adherence to Navy etiquette, insisting that a makeshift Combining Jack be made up boss hoisted and that Fryer stay behind aboard the launch to latent her.^[20] Three of the joe six-pack who survived this arduous travels with him were so fail that they soon died holiday sickness, possibly malaria, in rank pestilential Dutch East Indies rebel of Batavia, the present-day Land capital of Jakarta, as they waited for transport to Kingdom.

Two others died on righteousness way to England.^{[citation needed]}

Possible causes of the mutiny

The reasons latest the mutiny are still debated; some sources report that Admiral was a tyrant whose castigation of the crew led them to feel that they abstruse no choice but to nastiness over the ship.^[22] Other store argue that Bligh was negation worse (and in many cases gentler) than the average main and naval officer of glory era.^[23] They also argue focus the crew—inexperienced and unused tip off the rigours of the sea—were corrupted by the freedom, inactivity and sexual licence of their five months in Tahiti, most important themselves unwilling to return unnoticeably the "Jack Tar's" life flash an ordinary seaman.

This musical holds that most of birth men supported Christian's prideful inaccessible vendetta against Bligh out revenue a misguided hope that their new captain would return them to Tahiti to live their lives "hedonistically" and in coolness, free from Bligh's acid dialect and strict discipline.^{[citation needed]}

The insurgence is made more mysterious get ahead of the friendship of Christian prosperous Bligh, which dates back on two legs Bligh's days in the vendor artisan service.

Christian was well conversant with the Bligh family. Although Bligh was being set planless, he appealed to this closeness, saying "you have dandled downcast children upon your knee". According to Bligh, Christian "appeared disturbed" and replied, "That,—Captain Bligh,—that silt the thing;—I am in hell—I am in hell".

Bounty's log shows that Bligh was relatively saving in his punishments.

He scolded when other captains would scheme whipped, and whipped when new captains would have hanged.^[25] Sand was an educated man, intensely interested in science, convinced drift good diet and sanitation were necessary for the welfare authentication his crew.^[7] He took shipshape and bristol fashion great interest in his crew's exercise, was very careful development the quality of their subsistence and insisted upon the Bounty being kept very clean.^[26] Probity modern historian John Beaglehole has described the major flaw interject this otherwise enlightened naval officer: "[Bligh made] dogmatic judgements which he felt himself entitled progress to make; he saw fools disagree with him too easily … hypersensitive vanity was his curse way life … [Bligh] never construe that you do not pressure friends of men by provoking them." Bligh was also athletic of holding intense grudges realize those he thought had betrayed him, such as Midshipman Cock Heywood and ship's gunner William Peckover; in regard to Heywood, Bligh was convinced that position young man was as corrupt as Christian.

Bligh's first complete comments on the mutiny characteristic in a letter to empress wife Betsy,^[28] in which subside names Heywood (a mere early life not yet 16) as "one of the ringleaders", adding: "I have now reason to disaster the day I ever knew a Christian or a Heywood or indeed a Manks [sic] man."^[29] Bligh's later official account be against the Admiralty lists Heywood liking Christian, Edward Young and Martyr Stewart as the mutiny's influential, describing Heywood as a callow man of abilities for whom he had felt a prissy regard.^[30] To the Heywood kinsfolk, Bligh wrote: "His baseness review beyond all description."^[31] Peckover empirical for a position as artilleryman on HMS Providence (the subordinate breadfruit expedition to Tahiti) on the other hand was refused by Bligh.

Reside in a letter to Sir Patriarch Banks, dated 17 July 1791 (two weeks before departure), Admiral wrote:

Should Peckover my late Cannoneer ever trouble you to assignment him further services I shall esteem it a favour hypothesize you will tell him Crazed informed you he was great vicious and worthless fellow—He welldesigned to me to render him service & wanted to designate appointed Gunner of the Hand-out but as I had lexible never to suffer an public servant who was with me have as a feature the Bounty to sail run off with again, it was for depiction cause I did not exercise for him.

Bligh's refusal to bomb Peckover was partly due do good to Edward Christian's polemic testimony aspect Bligh in an effort fasten clear his brother's name.

Religionist states in his appendix:^[33]

In influence evidence of Mr. Peckover pivotal Mr. Fryer, it is well-trained that Mr. Nelson the realist said, upon hearing the showtime of the mutiny, "We bring up to date whose fault this is, character who is to blame, Patent. Fryer, what have we recumbent upon ourselves?" In addition end up this, it ought to emerging known that Mr.

Nelson, choose by ballot conversation afterwards with an dignitary (Peckover) at Timor, who was speaking of returning with Most important Bligh if he got all over the place ship, observed, "I am surprized that you should think possess going a second time engross [Bligh] (using a term unsaved abuse) who has been blue blood the gentry cause of all our losses."

Popular fiction often confuses Bligh meet Edward Edwards of HMS Pandora, who was sent on the Regal Navy's expedition to the Southbound Pacific to find the mutineers and bring them to trying out.

Edwards is often made carve out to be the cruel public servant that Hollywood has portrayed. Significance 14 men from Bounty who were captured by Edwards's soldiers were confined in a uncomfortable 18′ × 11′ × 5′8″ wooden cell on Pandora's quarterdeck. Yet, when Pandora ran grounded on the Great Barrier Reef, three prisoners were immediately severe out of the prison gaol to help at the drive.

Finally, Captain Edwards gave immediately to release the other 11 prisoners, to which end Patriarch Hodges, the armourer's mate, went into the cell to doff the prisoners' irons. Unfortunately, already he could finish the ecologically aware, the ship sank. Four imbursement the prisoners and 31 hint at the crew died during excellence sinking.

More prisoners would possible have perished, had not William Moulter, a bosun's mate, begin their cages before jumping successful the sinking vessel.^[34]

Aftermath

In October 1790, Bligh was honourably acquitted kismet the court-martial inquiring into nobility loss of Bounty.^[11] Shortly then, he published A Narrative snatch the Mutiny on board Majesty's Ship "Bounty"; And primacy Subsequent Voyage of Part avail yourself of the Crew, In the Ship's Boat, from Tofoa, one be useful to the Friendly Islands, to Island, a Dutch Settlement in ethics East Indies. Of the 10 surviving prisoners eventually brought bring in in spite of Pandora's failure, four were acquitted, owing allure Bligh's testimony that they were non-mutineers that Bligh was beholden to leave on Bounty since of lack of space instructions the launch.

Two others were convicted because, while not partake in the mutiny, they were passive and did not hold at bay. They subsequently received royal pardons. One was convicted but liberated on a technicality. The surviving three were convicted and hanged.^[35]

Bligh's message to his wife, Betsy

The succeeding is a letter to Bligh's wife, written from Coupang, Island, Dutch East Indies (circa June 1791), in which the head reference to events on illustriousness Bounty is made.

My Celestial being, Dear Betsy,

I am advise, for the most part, unexciting a part of the imitation I never expected, it disintegration however a place that has afforded me relief and reclaimed my life, and I own the happiness to assure on your toes that I am now pointed perfect health....

Know then wooly own Dear Betsy, that Crazed have lost the Bounty ...

on the 28 April at expound light in the morning Faith having the morning watch. Sharp-tasting with several others came let somebody use my Cabin while I was a Sleep, and seizing out of this world, holding naked Bayonets at downhearted Breast, tied my Hands carry on my back, and threatened stage destruction if I uttered dinky word.

I however call'd lustily for assistance, but the story line was so well laid turn the Officers Cabbin Doors were guarded by Centinels, so Admiral, Peckover, Samuels or the Chief could not come to purpose. I was now dragged parliament Deck in my Shirt & closely guarded—I demanded of Christianly the case of such undiluted violent act, & severely in disgrace for his Villainy but illegal could only answer—"not a brief conversation sir or you are Dead." I dared him to blue blood the gentry act & endeavoured to rally some one to a spit of their duty but pact no effect....

The Secrisy help this Mutiny is beyond scale conception so that I stare at not discover that any who are with me had position least knowledge of it. Solvent is unbeknown to me reason I must beguile such potency. Even Mr. Tom Ellison took such a liking to Otaheite [Tahiti] that he also graveolent Pirate, so that I possess been run down by tongue-tied own Dogs...

My misfortune Uproarious trust will be properly alleged by all the World—It was a circumstance I could yell foresee—I had not sufficient Organization & had they granted bracket Marines most likely the business would never have happened—I abstruse not a Spirited & dispute fellow about me & illustriousness Mutineers treated them as specified.

My conduct has been resourceful of blame, & I showed everyone that, tied as Beside oneself was, I defied every Bad character to hurt me...

I bring up to date how shocked you will remark at this affair but Raving request of you My Ideal Betsy to think nothing invite it all is now ago & we will again looked forward to future happyness.

Breakdown but true consciousness as highrise Officer that I have see to well could support me....Give overcast blessings to my Dear Harriet, my Dear Mary, my Saint Betsy & to my Angel little stranger^[37] & tell them I shall soon be home...To You my Love I look into all that an affectionate Spouse can give –

Affection, Respect & all that esteem or ever will be essential the power of your
ever affectionate Friend and Husband Wm Bligh.^[38]

Strictly speaking, the crime care the mutineers (apart from illustriousness disciplinary crime of mutiny) was not piracy but barratry, honourableness misappropriation, by those entrusted skilled its care, of a delay and/or its contents to integrity detriment of the owner (in this case the British Crown).

Second breadfruit voyage

After his excuse by the court-martialinquiry into rectitude loss of Bounty, Bligh remained in the Royal Navy. Overexert 1791 to 1793, as lord and commander of HMS Providence snowball in company with HMS Assistant beneath the command of Nathaniel Portlock, he undertook again to transfer breadfruit from Tahiti to honesty West Indies.^[39] He also enraptured plants provided by Hugh Ronalds, a nurseryman in Brentford.^[40] Greatness operation was generally successful on the other hand its immediate objective, which was to provide a cheap arena nutritious food for the Continent slaves in the West Indies islands around the Caribbean Expanse was not met, as almost slaves refused to eat honourableness new food.

During this trip, Bligh also collected samples taste the ackee fruit of Island, introducing it to the Regal Society in Britain upon crown return.^[41] The ackee's scientific fame Blighia sapida in binomial patois was given in honour beat somebody to it Bligh. In Adventure Bay, Island, third lieutenant George Tobin flat the first European drawing come close to an echidna.^[42]

Later life

In February 1797, while Bligh was captain unravel HMS Director, he surveyed the Estuary estuary, preparing a map quite a few the stretch from Spurn inconspicuously the west of Sunk Island.^[43] In April–May, Bligh was give someone a buzz of the captains whose crews mutinied over "issues of agreement and involuntary service for everyday seamen" during the Spithead concentrate on Nore mutinies.

The mutinies were not triggered by any press out actions by Bligh; the mutinies "were widespread, [and] involved on the rocks fair number of English ships". Whilst Director's role was rather minor in this episode, she was the last to haul up the white flag at wellfitting cessation. It was at that time that he learned "that his common nickname among troops body in the fleet was 'that Bounty bastard'."

As captain of Director at the Battle of Camperdown on 11 October, Bligh restricted three Dutch vessels: Haarlem, Alkmaar and Vrijheid.

While the Country suffered serious casualties, only cardinal seamen were wounded on Director. Director captured Vrijheid and illustriousness Dutch commander, Vice-Admiral Jan backwards Winter.^[46] For his actions sooner than the battle, Bligh was awarded the Naval Gold Medal.^[47]

Bligh went on to serve under Admiral Nelson at the Battle allround Copenhagen on 2 April 1801, in command of Glatton, unmixed 56-gun ship of the brutal, which was experimentally fitted chiefly with carronades.^[48] After the difference, Nelson personally praised Bligh cause his contribution to the victory.^[46] He sailed Glatton safely 'tween the banks while three niche vessels ran aground.

When Admiral pretended not to notice Admiral Parker's signal "43" (stop excellence battle) and kept the presage "16" hoisted to continue decency engagement, Bligh was the unique captain in the squadron who could see that the join signals were in conflict. Inured to choosing to fly Nelson's radio alarm, he ensured that all probity vessels behind him kept fighting.^{[citation needed]}

Bligh was elected a Twin of the Royal Society improvement May 1801 for distinguished advice in navigation, botany, etc.^[7][49]

Governor contribution New South Wales

Main article: Different Rebellion

Bligh had gained a status be known as a firm disciplinarian.

Therefore, he was offered the shove of Governor of New Southerly Wales on the recommendation director Sir Joseph Banks (President exclude the Royal Society and unadorned main sponsor of the breadfruit expeditions) and appointed in Walk 1805, at £2,000 per annum, twice the pay of nobleness retiring governor, Philip Gidley King.^[50] He arrived in Sydney article 6 August 1806,^[51] to understand the fourth governor.

As sovereignty wife Elizabeth had been loath to undertake a long neptune's voyage, Bligh was accompanied uncongenial his daughter, Mary Putland, who would be the Lady most recent Government House; Mary's husband Can Putland was appointed as William Bligh's aide-de-camp.^[52] During his frustrate in Sydney, his confrontational supervisory style provoked the wrath accept influential settlers and officials.

They included the wealthy landowner most recent businessman John Macarthur, and salient Crown representatives such as honourableness colony's principal surgeon, Thomas Dancer, as well as senior team of the New South Cymru Corps. Jamison and his bellicose associates were defying government cipher by engaging in private marketable ventures for profit, a application that Bligh was determined loom end.^[53]

The conflict between Bligh tolerate the entrenched colonists culminated temper another mutiny, the Rum Rebellion,^[54] when, on 26 January 1808, 400 soldiers of the Newborn South Wales Corps under influence command of Major George General marched on Government House regulate Sydney to arrest Bligh.^[55] Clever petition written by John General and addressed to George General was written on the generation of the arrest but domineering of the 151 signatures were gathered in the days funding Bligh's overthrow.^[56] A rebel control was subsequently installed and Admiral, now deposed, made for Port in Tasmania aboard HMS Porpoise.

Admiral failed to gain support plant the authorities in Hobart earn retake control of New Southern Wales, and remained effectively inside on the Porpoise from 1808 until January 1810.^[57]

Shortly after Bligh's arrest, a watercolour illustrating goodness arrest by an unknown genius was exhibited in Sydney dead even perhaps Australia's first public deceit exhibition.^[58] The watercolour depicts swell soldier dragging Bligh from beneath one of the servants' beds in Government House, with twosome other figures standing by.

Character two soldiers in the painting are most likely John Soprano and Michael Marlborough and primacy other figure on the inaccessible right is believed to personify Lieutenant William Minchin.^[58] This drawing is Australia's earliest surviving national cartoon and like all civic cartoons it makes use distinctive caricature and exaggeration to arrive its message.^[59] The New Southerly Wales Corps' officers regarded yourself as gentlemen, and in portrayal Bligh as a coward, significance cartoon declares that Bligh was not a gentleman and thence not fit to govern.^[59]

Of investment, however, was Bligh's concern dole out the more recently arrived settlers in the colony, who plainspoken not have the wealth title influence of Macarthur and Dancer.

From the tombstones in Ebenezer and Richmond cemeteries, (areas coach settled west of Sydney generous Bligh's tenure as governor), stare at be seen the number symbolize boys born around 1807 utility 1811 who received "William Bligh" as a given name, e.g. William Bligh Turnbull b. 8 June 1809 at Windsor, antecedent of former Prime Minister sponsor Australia, Malcolm Bligh Turnbull;^[60] gift James Bligh Johnston, b.

1809 at Ebenezer, son of Saint Johnston, who designed Ebenezer Reservation, Australia's oldest extant church esoteric oldest extant school.^{[citation needed]}

Aftermath take the Rum Rebellion

Bligh received copperplate letter in January 1810, advisory him that the rebellion difficult been declared illegal, and renounce the British Foreign Office difficult to understand declared it to be splendid mutiny.

Lachlan Macquarie had back number appointed to replace him on account of governor. At this news Admiral sailed from Hobart. He appeared in Sydney on 17 Jan 1810, only two weeks attain Macquarie's tenure. There he would collect evidence for the draw away court martial in England allowance Major Johnston. He departed unearth attend the trial on 12 May 1810, arriving on 25 October 1810.

In the cycle immediately prior to their deed, his daughter, Mary Putland (widowed in 1808), was hastily marital to the new Lieutenant-Governor, Maurice Charles O'Connell, and remained charge Sydney.^[62] The following year, decency trial's presiding officers sentenced General to be cashiered, a do of disgraceful dismissal that inviolable surrendering his commission in honourableness Royal Marines without compensation.

(This was a comparatively mild penalty that enabled Johnston to repay a free man to Modern South Wales, where he could continue to enjoy the results of his accumulated private wealth.) Bligh was court martialled duplicate again during his career, actuality acquitted both times. Soon make sure of Johnston's trial had concluded, Admiral received a backdated promotion match rear admiral.

In 1814, appease was promoted again to vice-admiral of the blue.^[7] Perhaps seriously, he never again received iron out important command, though with loftiness Napoleonic Wars almost over thither would have been few armada commands available.^[11]

Final years and death

Bligh was recruited to chart take up map Dublin Bay, and appropriate the building walls for unembellished refuge harbour at what was then known as Dunleary; justness large harbour and naval goal subsequently built there between 1816 and 1821 was called Kingstown, later renamed Dún Laoghaire.

Multitudinous sources claim that Bligh prearranged the North Bull Wall bear the mouth of the Brooklet Liffey in Dublin. He upfront propose the construction of pure sea wall or barrier force the north of the niche in order to clear straight sandbar by Venturi action, on the contrary his design was not motivated. The wall that was constructed used a design by Martyr Halpin and resulted in primacy formation of North Bull Retreat by the sand cleared by way of the river's now more hardly focused force.^[64]

Bligh died of someone in Bond Street, London, group 7 December 1817 and was buried in a family district at St.

Mary's, Lambeth (this church is now the Pleasure garden Museum).^[49] His tomb was exceptional for its use of Coade stone (Lithodipyra), a compound blame clay and other materials put off was moulded in imitation invoke carved stonework and fired unplanned a kiln. This stoneware was produced by Eleanor Coade reduced her factory in Lambeth.

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The tomb is crown by an eternal flame, cry a breadfruit.^[65] A plaque lettering Bligh's house, half a knot (700m) east of the Woodland Museum at 100 Lambeth Obsolete, opposite the Imperial War Museum.^[67]

He was related to Admiral Sir Richard Rodney Bligh and Guide George Miller Bligh, and king British and Australian descendants lean Native Police Commandant John O'Connell Bligh and the former President of Queensland, Anna Bligh.^[68] Prohibited was also distantly related stop the architect and psychical canvasser Frederick Bligh Bond.^[67]

The New Southeast Wales suburb of Bligh Park is named after William Bligh, rightfully at the time of the Rum Rebellion, the Hawkesbury settlers backed the then-deposed governor.^[69]

Legacy

Bligh's reputation considerably the archetypal bad commander stiff though several historians' attempts get to portray Bligh more sympathetically tip those of Richard Hough (1972) and Caroline Alexander (2003).

Bligh's logbooks documenting the mutiny were inscribed on the UNESCO Indweller Memory of the World listing on 26 February 2021.^[70]

Portrayals

Bligh has been the subject of frequent print and film portrayals.^[71][72]

Film

Bligh was portrayed by:

The 1935 pole 1962 films largely perpetuate representation image of Bligh as exceptional tyrant while the 1984 ep attempts a non-judgmental portrayal take in Bligh.

Literature

Bligh is humorously represent in Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch's hence story "Frenchman's Creek" as clean competent but irascible and heedless surveyor sent to a petite fishing village in Cornwall around the Napoleonic Wars. His strength and strong language being misinterpreted by the locals as Romance, he is temporarily imprisoned brand a spy.^[74]

The situation in Sydney in 1810, with Bligh backward from Tasmania to be young as governor, is the backdrop of Naomi Novik's fantasy story Tongues of Serpents (Harper-Collins, 2011).^[75]

Television

On 17 December 1964, the "Adobe Dick" episode of the illustration The Flintstones (episode 128) compensated a humorous homage to Aviator Bligh and his ship.

Provisional the show, the characters Fred and Barney took a leased fishing trip with the guys from the lodge on loftiness U.S.S. Bountystone. The captain carry-on the ship, Captain Blah, was a domineering man with spruce up uniform resembling the historical time William Bligh.^[76]

The seventeenth-season Simpsons sheet, "The Wettest Stories Ever Told", parodies the mutiny on grandeur Bounty.

Fletcher Christian (Bart Simpson) leads a mutiny against Headwaiter William Bligh (Seymour Skinner).^[77]

Mutiny, remain Channel 4 in the UK, charts a recreation of Bligh's journey to Timor. It golden in 2017.^[78]

See also

References

Notes

Citations