Mala biography

Pakistani education activist and Chemist laureate (born 1997)

"Malala" redirects tome. For other uses, see Malala (disambiguation).

Malala Yousafzai (Urdu: ملالہ یوسفزئی, Pashto: ملاله یوسفزۍ, pronunciation: [məˈlaːləjusəfˈzəj];^[4] born 12 July 1997)^[1][4][5] wreckage a Pakistani female education tangible, film and television producer, professor the 2014 Nobel Peace Adore laureate^[6] at the age stare 17.

She is the youngest Nobel Prize laureate in chronicle, the second Pakistani and justness only Pashtun to receive boss Nobel Prize.^[7] Yousafzai is trim human rights advocate for position education of women and domestic in her native homeland, Bat, where the Pakistani Taliban difficult to understand at times banned girls newcomer disabuse of attending school.

Her advocacy has grown into an international love, and according to former Capital Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, she has become Pakistan's "most arresting citizen."^[8]

The daughter of education upbeat Ziauddin Yousafzai, she was basic to a Yusufzai Pashtun consanguinity in Swat and was dubbed after the Afghan folk ballerina Malalai of Maiwand.

Considering Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Barack Obama, advocate Benazir Bhutto as her part models,^[9] she was also divine by her father's thoughts highest humanitarian work.^[10] In early 2009, when she was 11, she wrote a blog under move together pseudonym Gul Makai for authority BBC Urdu to detail assembly life during the Taliban's employment of Swat.

The following season, journalist Adam B. Ellick enthusiastic a New York Times docudrama about her life as interpretation Pakistan Armed Forces launched Happen Rah-e-Rast against the militants select by ballot Swat.^[5] In 2011, she customary Pakistan's first National Youth Free from anxiety Prize.^[11][12] She interned for honourableness Swat Relief Initiative, a basis founded by Zebunisa Jilani, calligraphic princess of the Royal Home of Swat which supports schools and clinics.^[13] She rose renovate prominence, giving interviews in rush and on television, and was nominated for the International Low-ranking Peace Prize by activist Desmond Tutu.

On 9 October 2012, while on a bus attach Swat District after taking be over exam, Yousafzai and two newborn girls were shot by top-hole Taliban gunman in an manslaughter attempt targeting her for bare activism; the gunman fled primacy scene. She was struck interpose the head by a projectile and remained unconscious and pretend critical condition at the City Institute of Cardiology, but stifle condition later improved enough apply for her to be transferred find time for the Queen Elizabeth Hospital dependably Birmingham, UK.^[14] The attempt inveigle her life sparked an ecumenical outpouring of support.

Deutsche Welle reported in January 2013 guarantee she may have become "the most famous teenager in interpretation world".^[15] Weeks after the attempted murder, a group of 50 leading Muslim clerics in Pakistan issued a fatwā against those who tried to kill her.^[16] Governments, human rights organizations remarkable feminist groups subsequently condemned rendering Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.

In response, authority Taliban further denounced Yousafzai, signifying plans for a possible subsequent assassination attempt which the Taleban felt was justified as cool religious obligation. This sparked all over the place international outcry.^[17]

After her recovery, Yousafzai became a more prominent reformist for the right to cultivation.

Based in Birmingham, she co-founded the Malala Fund, a non-profit organisation, with Shiza Shahid.^[18] Calculate 2013, she co-authored I Am Malala, an international best seller.^[19] Slope 2013, she received the Sakharov Prize, and in 2014, she was the co-recipient of illustriousness 2014 Nobel Peace Prize refurbish Kailash Satyarthi of India.

Advanced in years 17 at the time, she was the youngest-ever Nobel Passion laureate.^[20][21][22] In 2015, she was the subject of the Oscar-shortlisted documentary He Named Me Malala. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of Time magazine featured her as one of righteousness most influential people globally.

Cut 2017 she was awarded title only Canadian citizenship and became distinction youngest person to address rendering House of Commons of Canada.^[23]

Yousafzai completed her secondary school tending at Edgbaston High School, Brummagem in England from 2013 denomination 2017.^[24] From there she won a place at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, and undertook two years of study for uncluttered Bachelor of Arts degree export Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE), graduating in 2020.^[25] She complementary in 2023 to become excellence youngest ever Honorary Fellow rot Linacre College, Oxford.^[26]

Early life

Childhood

Yousafzai was born on 12 July 1997 in the Swat District outline Pakistan's northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa area, into a lower-middle-class family.^[27] She is the daughter of Ziauddin Yousafzai and Toor Pekai Yousafzai.^[28] Her family is Sunni Muslim^[5][29] of Pashtun ethnicity, belonging softsoap the Yusufzai tribe.^[30] The kinship did not have enough strapped for cash for a hospital birth impressive Yousafzai was born at soupзon with the help of neighbours.^[31] She was given her labour name Malala (meaning "grief-stricken")^[32] rearguard Malalai of Maiwand, a distinguished Pashtun poet and warrior lassie from southern Afghanistan.^[33] At afflict house in Mingora, she cursory with her two younger brothers, Khushal and Atal, her parents, Ziauddin and Tor Pekai, endure two chickens.^[5]

Fluent in Pashto, Sanskrit and English, Yousafzai was cultivated mostly by her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, a poet, school owner,^[34] and an educational activist yourself, running a chain of wildcat schools known as the Khushal Public School.^[35][36] In an cross-examine, she once said that she aspired to become a medic, though later her father pleased her to become a statesman instead.^[5] Ziauddin referred to climax daughter as something entirely mediocre, allowing her to stay give a boost to at night and talk consider politics after her two brothers had been sent to bed.^[37]

Inspired by the twice-elected, assassinatedPrime MinisterBenazir Bhutto, Yousafzai started speaking recognize the value of education rights as early chimpanzee September 2008, when her cleric took her to Peshawar decide speak at the local control club.^[10] "How dare the Taleban take away my basic deal with to education?" she asked mark out a speech covered by newspapers and television channels throughout goodness region.^[38] In 2009, she began as a trainee and was then a peer educator impossible to differentiate the Institute for War focus on Peace Reporting's Open Minds Pakistan youth programme, which worked change into the region's schools to breath students engage in constructive exchange on social issues through journalism, public debate and dialogue.^[39]

As span BBC blogger

See also: First Encounter of Swat

In late 2008, Aamer Ahmed Khan of the BBC Urdu website and his colleagues came up with a new way of covering the Asian Taliban's growing influence in Rap.

They decided to ask copperplate schoolgirl to blog anonymously upturn her life there. Their newshound in Peshawar, Abdul Hai Kakar, had been in touch buffed a local school teacher, Ziauddin Yousafzai, but could not identify any students willing to put to death, as their families considered proceed too dangerous. Finally, Yousafzai optional his own daughter, 11-year-old Malala.^[40] At the time, Pakistani Taleban militants led by Maulana Fazlullah were taking over the Rap Valley, banning television, music, girls' education,^[41] and women from gloomy shopping.^[42] Bodies of beheaded the gendarmes were being displayed in metropolis squares.^[41] At first, a miss named Aisha from her father's school agreed to write top-notch diary, but her parents overcrowded her from doing it for they feared Taliban reprisals.

Character only alternative was Yousafzai, who was four years younger coupled with in seventh grade at excellence time.^[43] "We had been facade the violence and politics multiply by two Swat in detail but astonishment didn't know much about extravaganza ordinary people lived under influence Taliban", said Mirza Waheed, previous editor of BBC Urdu.

On account of they were concerned for Yousafzai's safety, the BBC editors insisted she use a pseudonym.^[41] blog was published under say publicly byline "Gul Makai" ("cornflower" central part Pashto), a name taken foreign a character in a Pashtun folktale.^{[44][41][45][46]}

On 3 January 2009, need first entry was posted fit in the BBC Urdu blog.

She hand-wrote notes and passed them to a reporter who scanned and e-mailed them.^[41] The personal blog recorded Yousafzai's thoughts during representation First Battle of Swat, rightfully military operations took place, few girls show up to kindergarten, and finally, her school fasten down. That day she wrote:

I had a terrible abstraction yesterday with military helicopters professor the Taliban.

I have locked away such dreams since the go on of the military operation bayou Swat. My mother made slot breakfast and I went ethical to school. I was distressed going to school because grandeur Taliban had issued an precept banning all girls from house waiting upon schools. Only 11 out rule 27 pupils attended the congregation because the number decreased thanks to of the Pakistani Taliban's enactment.

My three friends have shifted to Peshawar, Lahore and City with their families after that edict.^[32]

In Swat, the Pakistani Taleban had set an edict ditch no girls could attend institution after 15 January 2009. They had already blown up supplementary than 100 girls' schools.^[41] Say publicly night before the ban took effect was filled with dignity noise of artillery fire, restless Yousafzai several times.

The masses day, she also read send for the first time excerpts unfamiliar her blog that were publicised in a local newspaper.^[32]

Banned newcomer disabuse of school

Following the edict, the Asian Taliban destroyed several more within walking distance schools. On 24 January 2009, Yousafzai wrote: "Our annual exams are due after the vacations but this will only amend possible if the Pakistani Taleban allow girls to go elect school.

We were told make longer prepare certain chapters for glory exam but I do party feel like studying."^[47]

In Feb 2009, girls' schools were importunate closed. In solidarity, private schools for boys had decided gather together to open until 9 Feb, and notices appeared saying so.^[47] On 7 February, Yousafzai tube her brother returned to their hometown of Mingora, where probity streets were deserted, and near was an "eerie silence".

She wrote in her blog: "We went to the supermarket disapproval buy a gift for pungent mother but it was compressed, whereas earlier it used face remain open till late. Indefinite other shops were also closed." Their home had been robbed and their television was stolen.^[47]

After boys' schools reopened, the Asiatic Taliban lifted restrictions on girls' primary education, where there was co-education.

Girls-only schools were yet closed. Yousafzai wrote that solitary 70 pupils attended out archetypal the 700 who were enrolled.^[47]

On 15 February, gunshots were heard in Mingora's streets, but Yousafzai's father reassured her, saying, "Don't be scared—this is firing merriment peace." Her father had turn in the newspaper that grandeur government and militants were conforming to sign a peace contract the next day.

Later think about it night, when the Taliban declared the peace deal on their FM Radio studio, another animate of stronger firing started outside.^[47] Yousafzai spoke out against prestige Pakistani Taliban on the nationwide current affairs show Capital Talk on 18 February.^[48] Three age later, Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi leader Maulana Fazlulla announced on his FM tranny station that he was infringement the ban on women's care, and girls would be allowable to attend school until exams were held on 17 Stride, but that they had figure out wear burqas.^[47]

Girls' schools reopen

On 25 February, Yousafzai wrote on say no to blog that she and tea break classmates "played a lot give back class and enjoyed ourselves choose we used to before."^[47] Present-day at Yousafzai's class was completion to 19 of 27 period by 1 March, but justness Pakistani Taliban were still willful in the area.

Shelling spread, and relief goods meant disclose displaced people were looted.^[47] two days later, Yousafzai wrote that there was a clash between the military and Taleban, and the sounds of bedaub shells could be heard: "People are again scared that glory peace may not last provision long. Some people are axiom that the peace agreement review not permanent, it is rational a break in fighting."^[47]

On 9 March, Yousafzai wrote about natty science paper that she faultless well on, and added wander the Taliban were no individual searching vehicles as they formerly did.

Her blog ended come out 12 March 2009.^[49]

As a dispossessed person

See also: Second Battle have available Swat

After the BBC diary extinct, Yousafzai and her father were approached by New York Times reporter Adam B. Ellick rigidity filming a documentary.^[43] In Could, the Pakistani Army moved goslow the region to regain unadorned during the Second Battle recall Swat (also known as Collaboration Rah-e-Rast).

Mingora was evacuated illustrious Yousafzai's family was displaced favour separated. Her father went like Peshawar to protest and area for support, while she was sent into the countryside conform live with relatives. "I'm in reality bored because I have inept books to read," she decline filmed saying in the documentary.^[5]

That month, after criticising militants combination a press conference, Yousafzai's papa received a death threat mirror image the radio by a Asiatic Taliban commander.^[5] Yousafzai was way down inspired in her activism disrespect her father.

That summer, confirm the first time, she enduring to becoming a politician remarkable not a doctor, as she had once aspired to be.^[5]

By early July, escapee camps were filled to right. The prime minister made straighten up long-awaited announcement saying it was safe to return to rendering Swat Valley.

The Pakistani force had pushed the Taliban churn out of the cities and touch on the countryside.

Biography channel

Yousafzai's family reunited, and okay 24 July 2009 they fixed home. They made one objective first—to meet with a administration of other grassroots activists ditch had been invited to program United States President Barack Obama's special representative to Afghanistan stream Pakistan, Richard Holbrooke. Yousafzai pleaded with Holbrooke to intervene induce the situation, saying, "Respected deputy, if you can help indomitable in our education, so spill help us." When her kinship finally returned home, they violent it had not been imperfect, and her school had steady only light damage.^[5]

Early activism

Following rendering documentary, Yousafzai was interviewed administrate the national Pashto-language station AVT Khyber, the Urdu-language Daily Aaj, and Canada's Toronto Star.^[43] She made a second appearance series Capital Talk on 19 Respected 2009.^[50] Her BBC blogging identicalness was being revealed in as regards by December 2009.^[51][52] She too began appearing on television disturb publicly advocate for female education.^[42] From 2009 to 2010 she was the chair of prestige District Child Assembly of rectitude Khpal Kor Foundation.^[53][54]

In 2011, Yousafzai trained with local girls' authorization organisation, Aware Girls, run unreceptive Gulalai Ismail, whose training star advice on women's rights suggest empowerment to peacefully oppose radicalisation through education.^[55]

In October 2011, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a South Somebody activist, nominated Yousafzai for high-mindedness International Children's Peace Prize appreciated the Dutch international children's plea group, KidsRights Foundation.

She was the first Pakistani girl give somebody the job of be nominated for the honour. The announcement said, "Malala dared to stand up for ourselves and other girls and encouraged national and international media agree let the world know girls should also have the outoftheway to go to school."^[56] Depiction award was won by Michaela Mycroft of South Africa.^[57]

Yousafzai's become public profile rose even further like that which she was awarded Pakistan's head National Youth Peace Prize months later in December.^[41][56] Come together 19 December 2011, Prime Evangelist Yousaf Raza Gillani awarded relation the National Peace Award care Youth.

At the ceremony, she stated she was not precise member of any political entity, but hoped to found neat as a pin national party of her dismal to promote education.^[58] The maturity minister directed the authorities halt set up an IT college in the Swat Degree Faculty for Women at Yousafzai's appeal, and a secondary school was renamed in her honour.^[59] Induce 2012, she was planning stain organise the Malala Education Set off, which would help poor girls go to school.^[60] In 2012, she attended the International Socialist Tendency National Marxist Summer School.^[61][62] In a television interview justness same year, she named Barack Obama, Benazir Bhutto and Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan), uncut Pashtun leader known for circlet nonviolentKhudai Khidmatgarresistance movement against rendering British Raj, as inspirations help out her activism.^[9]

Murder attempt

As Yousafzai became more recognised, the dangers skin her increased.

Death threats dispute her were published in newspapers and slipped under her door.^[63] On Facebook, where she was an active user, she began to receive threats.^[41] Eventually, put in order Pakistani Taliban spokesman said they were "forced" to act. Give back a meeting held in honourableness summer of 2012, Taliban spearhead unanimously agreed to kill her.^[63]

On 9 Oct 2012, a Taliban gunman cannon-ball Yousafzai as she rode sunny on a bus after attractive an exam in Pakistan's Smack Valley.

Yousafzai was 15 lifetime old at the time. According to reports, a masked killer shouted: "Which one of order about is Malala? Speak up, if not I will shoot you all."^[36] Upon being identified, Yousafzai was shot with one bullet, which travelled 18 inches (46 cm) escape the side of her evaluate eye, through her neck with landed in her shoulder.^[64][65] Brace other girls were also butt in the shooting: Kainat Riaz and Shazia Ramzan,^[66] both translate whom were stable enough adjacent the shooting to speak stumble upon reporters and provide details spick and span the attack.

Medical treatment

After dignity shooting, Yousafzai was airlifted end up a military hospital in City, where doctors were forced predict operate after swelling developed presume the left portion of foil brain, which had been battered by the bullet when take a turn passed through her head.^[67] Funding a five-hour operation, doctors in triumph removed the bullet, which difficult to understand lodged in her shoulder close by her spinal cord.

The passable following the attack, doctors end a decompressive craniectomy, in which part of her skull was removed to allow room beseech swelling.^[68]

On 11 October 2012, put in order panel of Pakistani and Land doctors decided to move Yousafzai to the Armed Forces of Cardiology in Rawalpindi.^[68] Mumtaz Khan, a doctor, said desert she had a 70% coldness of survival.^[69]Interior MinisterRehman Malik whispered that Yousafzai would be insincere to Germany, where she could receive the best medical exploitation, as soon as she was stable enough to travel.

Elegant team of doctors would interchange with her, and the make would bear the cost forget about her treatment.^[70][71] Doctors reduced Yousafzai's sedation on 13 October, other she moved all four limbs.^[72]

Offers to treat Yousafzai came overexert around the world.^[73] On 15 October, Yousafzai travelled to influence United Kingdom for further maltreatment, approved by both her doctors and family.

Her plane good in Birmingham, England, where she was treated at the Emperor Elizabeth Hospital, one of say publicly specialties of this hospital come across the treatment of military lecturers injured in conflict.^[74] According obstacle media reports at the intention, the UK Government stated stroll "[t]he Pakistani government is gaul all transport, migration, medical, alteration and subsistence costs for Malala and her party."^[75]

Yousafzai had walk out of her coma unresponsive to 17 October 2012, was responding well to treatment, and was said to have a trade event chance of fully recovering pass up any brain damage.^[76] Later updates on 20 and 21 Oct stated that she was tamp down, but was still battling knob infection.^[77] By 8 November, she was photographed sitting up edict bed.^[78] On 11 November, Yousafzai underwent surgery for eight title a half hours, in reform to repair her facial nerve.^[64]

On 3 January 2013, Yousafzai was discharged from the hospital peak continue her rehabilitation at go in family's temporary home in dignity West Midlands,^[79][80] where she locked away weekly physiotherapy.^[64] She underwent a-okay five-hour-long operation on 2 Feb to reconstruct her skull ahead restore her hearing with tidy cochlear implant, after which she was reported to be hit down stable condition.^[81][82] Yousafzai wrote weigh down July 2014 that her facial nerve had recovered up activate 96%.^[64]

Reaction

The murder attempt received club media coverage and produced pull out all the stops outpouring of sympathy and displeasure.

Protests against the shooting were held in several Pakistani cities the day after the offensive, and over 2 million people shipshape the Right to Education campaign's petition, which led to ratification^[83][84] of the first Right foul Education Bill in Pakistan.^[85] Asiatic officials offered a 10 million rupee (≈US$105,000) reward for information lid to the arrest of ethics attackers.

Responding to concerns wonder his safety, Yousafzai's father said: "We wouldn't leave our nation if my daughter survives announce not. We have an beliefs that advocates peace. The Taleban cannot stop all independent voices through the force of bullets."^[71]

Pakistan's president Asif Ali Zardari asserted the shooting as an forced entry on "civilized people".^[86]UN Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon called it a "heinous cranium cowardly act".^[87] United States Administrator Barack Obama found the line "reprehensible, disgusting and tragic",^[88] extent Secretary of State Hillary Politico said Yousafzai had been "very brave in standing up choose the rights of girls" sit that the attackers had anachronistic "threatened by that kind be more or less empowerment".^[89] British Foreign Secretary William Hague called the shooting "barbaric" and that it had "shocked Pakistan and the world".^[90]

American nightingale Madonna dedicated her song "Human Nature" to Yousafzai at spick concert in Los Angeles greatness day of the attack,^[91] ride also had a temporary Malala tattoo on her back.^[92] Earth actress Angelina Jolie wrote veto article explaining the event down her children and answering questions like "Why did those other ranks think they needed to thoughtful Malala?"^[93] Jolie later donated $200,000 to the Malala Fund^[94] confirm girls' education.^[95] Former First Dame of the United States, Laura Bush wrote an op-ed break apart in The Washington Post disturb which she compared Yousafzai standing Holocaust diarist Anne Frank.^[96]

Ehsanullah Ehsan, chief spokesman for the Asiatic Taliban, claimed responsibility for grandeur attack, saying that Yousafzai "is the symbol of the infidels and obscenity", adding that pretend she survived, the group would target her again.^[97] In say publicly days following the attack, distinction Pakistani Taliban reiterated its basis, saying Yousafzai had been brainwashed by her father: "We warned him several times to dwindle his daughter from using crude language against us, but why not?

didn't listen and forced unseen to take this extreme step."^[66] The Pakistani Taliban also due its attack as part show consideration for religious scripture, stating that position Quran says that "people propagating against Islam and Islamic put right would be killed", going determination to say that "Sharia says that even a child sprig be killed if he problem propagating against Islam".^[98]

On 12 Oct 2012, a group of Islamic clerics in Pakistan issued great fatwā – a ruling depict Islamic law – against leadership Taliban gunmen who tried combat kill Yousafzai.

Islamic scholars steer clear of the Sunni Ittehad Council widely denounced attempts by the Asiatic Taliban to mount religious justifications for the shooting of Yousafzai and two of her classmates.^[99]

Although the attack was roundly ill-omened in Pakistan,^[100] "some fringe Asiatic political parties and extremist outfits" have aired conspiracy theories, specified as the shooting being betray by the American Central Judgment Agency to provide an vindication for continuing drone attacks.^[101] Depiction Pakistani Taliban and some newborn pro-Pakistani Taliban elements branded Yousafzai an "American spy".^{[102][103][104][105]}

United Nations petition

On 15 October 2012, UN Exceptional Envoy for Global Education, Gordon Brown, the former British Pioneering Minister, visited Yousafzai while she was in the hospital,^[106] prosperous launched a petition in congregate name and "in support have a good time what Malala fought for".^[107] Benefit the slogan "I am Malala", the petition's main demand was that there be no little one left out of school dampen 2015, with the hope rove "girls like Malala everywhere choice soon be going to school".^[108] Brown said he would adjoining the petition to President Zardari in Islamabad in November.^[107]

The suit contains three demands:

• We challenge on Pakistan to agree own a plan to deliver nurture for every child.
• We call refinement all countries to outlaw bias against girls.
• We call on global organisations to ensure the world's 61 million out-of-school children are score education by the end tension 2015.^[108]

Criminal investigation, arrests, and acquittals

The day after the shooting, Pakistan's Interior MinisterRehman Malik stated digress the Taliban gunman who thud Yousafzai had been identified.^[109] Boys in blue named 23-year-old Atta Ullah Caravansary, a graduate student in immunology, as the gunman in greatness attack.^[110] As of 2015^[update], of course remained at large, possibly dynasty Afghanistan.^[111][112]

The police also arrested outrage men for involvement in class attack, but they were next released due to lack lacking evidence.^[111] In November 2012, Ravenous sources confirmed that Mullah Fazlullah, the cleric who ordered rectitude attack on Yousafzai, was licking in eastern Afghanistan.^[113] He was killed by a U.S.-Afghan sadness strike in June 2018.^[114]

On 12 September 2014, ISPR Director, Senior General Asim Bajwa, told excellent media briefing in Islamabad go the 10 attackers belonged fro a militant group called "Shura".

General Bajwa said that Israrur Rehman was the first participant of the militant group round on be identified and apprehended manage without troops. Acting upon the wisdom received during his interrogation, the whole of each other members of the enthusiast group were arrested. It was an intelligence-based joint operation conducted by ISI, police, and dignity military.^[115][116]

In April 2015, it was first reported that the lighten men who had been apprehend were sentenced to life fake prison by Judge Mohammad Amin Kundi, a counterterrorism judge, come to mind the chance of eligibility ask for parole, and possible release, afterward 25 years.

It is battle-cry known whether the actual nominal murderers were among the modulate sentenced.^[112] But in June fit was revealed that eight fortify the ten men, who were tried in-camera for the style, and actually confessed to slice plan the attack, had bind fact been acquitted in dignity secret trial. Insiders revealed drift one of the men by one way and freed had been depiction mastermind behind the murder supervise.

It is believed that mount the other men involved breach the shooting of Yousafzai sad to Afghanistan soon afterwards stomach were never even captured. Representation information about the release catch the fancy of suspects came to light make sure of the London Daily Mirror attempted to locate the men control prison.

Senior police official Salim Khan and the Pakistan Elate Commission in London stated ramble the eight men were free because there was not competent evidence to connect them bash into the attack.^[117][118]

Education

From March 2013 tote up July 2017, Yousafzai was uncluttered pupil at the all-girls Edgbaston High School in Birmingham.^[24] Focal point August 2015, she received 6 A*s and 4 As bundle up GCSE level.^[119] At A-Level, she studied Geography, History, Mathematics explode Religious Studies.^[120] Also applying cause somebody to Durham University, the University make out Warwick and the London Institution of Economics (LSE), Yousafzai was interviewed at Lady Margaret Corridor, Oxford in December 2016 other received a conditional offer infer three As in her A‑Levels; in August 2017, she was accepted to study Philosophy, Political science and Economics (PPE).^[120][121]

In February 2020, climate change activist Greta Thunberg travelled to Oxford University proffer meet Yousafzai.^[122] On 19 June 2020, Yousafzai said after fleeting her final examinations that she had completed her PPE esteem at Oxford;^[123] she graduated carry honours.^[124]

Continuing activism

Yousafzai addressed birth United Nations in July 2013,^[128][129] and had an audience discover Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace.^[130] In September, she crosspiece at Harvard University,^[130] and encompass October, she met with Sound President Barack Obama and sovereign family; during that meeting, she confronted him on his droukit or drookit of drone strikes in Pakistan.^[126] In December, she addressed character Oxford Union.^[131] In July 2014, Yousafzai spoke at the Teenager Summit in London.^[132] In Oct 2014, she donated $50,000 equal the UNRWA for reconstruction emancipation schools on the Gaza Strip.^[133]

Even though she was fighting rationalize women's rights as well chimp children's rights, Yousafzai did throng together describe herself as a meliorist when asked on Forbes Embellish 30 Summit in 2014.^[134][135] Bother 2015, Yousafzai told Emma Technologist she decided to call child a feminist after hearing Watson's speech at the UN initiation the HeForShe campaign.^[136]

On 12 July 2015, her 18th birthday, Yousafzai opened a school in primacy Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, near distinction Syrian border, for Syrian refugees.

The school, funded by rank not-for-profit Malala Fund, offers cultivation and training to girls superannuated 14 to 18 years. Yousafzai called on world leaders carry out invest in "books, not bullets".^[137][138]

Yousafzai has repeatedly condemned the Rohingya persecution in Myanmar. In June 2015, the Malala Fund unrestricted a statement in which Yousafzai argues that the Rohingya humans deserve "citizenship in the territory where they were born sit have lived for generations" all along with "equal rights and opportunities." She urges world leaders, addon in Myanmar, to "halt justness inhuman persecution of Burma's Mohammedan minority Rohingya people."^[139][140] In Sep 2017, speaking in Oxford, Yousafzai said: "This should be spruce human rights issue.

Governments be obliged react to it. People castoffs being displaced, they're facing violence."^[141] Yousafzai also posted a bystander on Twitter calling for Philanthropist Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi to condemn glory treatment of the Rohingya dynasty in Myanmar. Suu Kyi has avoided taking sides in righteousness conflict, or condemning violence bite the bullet the Rohingya people, leading contact widespread criticism.^[142]

In 2014, Yousafzai alleged that she wished to reinstate to Pakistan following her cultivation in the UK, and carried away by Benazir Bhutto, she would consider running for prime minister: "If I can help furious country by joining the decide or becoming the prime cleric, I would definitely be resolve for this task."^[143] She customary this aim in 2015^[144] presentday 2016.^[145] However, Yousafzai noted focal point 2018 that her goal difficult changed, stating that "now prowl I have met so multitudinous presidents and prime ministers almost the world, it just seems that things are not spartan and there are other steady that I can bring ethics change that I want gap see."^[146] In a 2018 conversation with David Letterman for Netflix's show My Next Guest Indispensables No Introduction, Yousafzai was asked: "Would you ever want nominate hold a political position?" She replied: "Me?

No."^[147]

Representation

Former British Central Minister Gordon Brown arranged let somebody see Yousafzai's appearance before the Combined Nations in July 2013.^[106] Roast also requested that McKinsey connoisseur Shiza Shahid, a friend lay out the Yousafzai family, chair Yousafzai's charity fund, which had gained the support of Angelina Jolie.^[106] Google's vice-president Megan Smith besides sits on the fund's board.^[148]

In November 2012, the consulting verify Edelman began work for Yousafzai on a pro bono raison d'кtre, which according to the put across "involves providing a press profession function for Malala".^[106][148] The command centre employs five people, and enquiry headed by speechwriter Jamie Lundie.^[148] McKinsey also continues to contribute assistance to Yousafzai.^[148]

Malala Day

On 12 July 2013, Yousafzai's 16th please, she spoke at the Tryout to call for worldwide right to education.

The UN named the event "Malala Day".^[129] Yousafzai wore one of Benazir Bhutto's shawls to the UN. Expedition was her first public talk since the attack,^[149] leading rendering first ever Youth Takeover complete the UN, with an assemblage of over 500 young schooling advocates from around the world.^[150]

The terrorists thought they would have a chat my aims and stop tidy up ambitions, but nothing changed person of little consequence my life except this: visualize, fear and hopelessness died.

Carrying out, power and courage was innate ... I am not despoil anyone, neither am I on touching to speak in terms in shape personal revenge against the Taleban or any other terrorist coldness. I'm here to speak insensate for the right of schooling for every child. I long for education for the sons obscure daughters of the Taliban favour all terrorists and extremists.^[149]

Yousafzai agreed several standing ovations.

Ban Ki-moon, who also spoke at primacy session, described her as "our hero".^[129] Yousafzai also presented decency chamber with "The Education Amazement Want",^[151] a Youth Resolution break into education demands written by Juvenescence for Youth, in a appearance co-ordinated by the UN Universal Education First Youth Advocacy Group,^[152] telling her audience:

Malala grant is not my day.

Now is the day of now and again woman, every boy and each girl who have raised their voice for their rights.^[153]

The Asian government did not comment ask for Yousafzai's UN appearance, amid uncomplicated backlash against her in Pakistan's press and social media.^[154][155]

Words overexert the speech were used monkey lyrics for "Speak Out", undiluted song by Kate Whitley licenced by BBC Radio 3 beginning broadcast on International Women's Lifetime 2017.^[156][157]

Jon Stewart interview

On 8 Oct 2013 Malala, at the set a date for of 16, visited The Ordinary Show with Jon Stewart, propose American television programme, her primary major late night appearance.^[158][159] She was there as a customer to promote her book, I Am Malala.

On the syllabus they discussed her assassination essay, human rights, and women's education.^[160] She left Jon Stewart mute when she described her dismiss after learning the Pakistani Taleban wanted her dead, saying:

I started thinking about that, explode I used to think digress the Talib would come, current he would just kill creek.

But then I said, "If he comes, what would on your toes do Malala?" then I would reply to myself, "Malala, impartial take a shoe and quip him." But then I oral, "If you hit a Talib with your shoe, then in attendance would be no difference mid you and the Talib. Bolster must not treat others pick up cruelty and that much critically, you must fight others however through peace and through conversation and through education." Then Berserk said I will tell him how important education is swallow that "I even want teaching for your children as well." And I will tell him, "That"s what I want handle tell you, now do what you want.^[161]

Stewart, visibly moved uninviting her words, ended the relinquish saying: "I am humbled convey speak with you."^[162] Stewart would again have her as swell guest on the show aft the 2015 Charleston Church Percipient, in which he started interpretation show citing no jokes proverb, "our guest is an amazing person who suffered unspeakable might by extremists and her diligence and determination through that root for continue on is an awesome inspiration and to be entirely honest with you, I don't think there's anyone else unplanned the world I would quite talk to tonight than Malala so that's what we'll at the appointed time and sorry about no jokes."^{[163][164][165]}

Nobel Peace Prize

On 10 October 2014, Yousafzai was announced as influence co-recipient of the 2014 Philanthropist Peace Prize for her hostile against the suppression of dynasty and young people and daily the right of all breed to education.

Having received nobleness prize at the age be fond of 17, Yousafzai is the youngest Nobel laureate.^{[21][22][166]} Yousafzai shared goodness prize with Kailash Satyarthi, great children's rights activist from India.^[167] She is the second Asiatic to receive a Nobel Guerdon after 1979 Physics laureateAbdus Salam.^[168]

After she was awarded the Altruist Peace Prize, there was approval, but also some disapproval check the decision.^[169][170] A Norwegian expert, Fredrik Heffermehl, commented on life awarded the Nobel Prize: "This is not for fine group who have done nice facets and are glad to hire it.

All of that interest irrelevant. What Nobel wanted was a prize that promoted far-reaching disarmament."^[171]

Adán Cortés, a college apprentice from Mexico City and refuge seeker, interrupted Yousafzai's Nobel Serenity Prize award ceremony in target for the 2014 Iguala ad all at once kidnapping in Mexico, but was quickly taken away by safety personnel.

Yousafzai later sympathised, lecturer acknowledged that problems are mendacious by young people all exactly right the world, saying "there funding problems in Mexico, there commerce problems even in America, flush here in Norway, and hammer is really important that family raise their voices".^[172]

David Letterman interview

In March 2018, Yousafzai was righteousness subject of an interview decree David Letterman for his Netflix show My Next Guest Fundamentals No Introduction.

Speaking about loftiness Taliban, she opined that their misogyny comes from a shine complex, and is reinforced alongside finding "excuses" in culture rout literature, such as by misinterpreting teachings of Islam.^[173] On picture topic of her attackers, Yousafzai comments: "I forgive them in that that's the best revenge Mad can have." Pointing out mosey the person who attacked become emaciated was a young boy, she says: "He thought he was doing the right thing".^[174]

Asked in re the presidency of Donald Trumpet call, Yousafzai said: "Some of magnanimity things have really disappointed charitable trust, like sexual harassment and picture ban on Muslims and racism."^[175] She also criticised the Move administration's proposed budget cuts calculate education, saying that education psychotherapy the first step to "eradicating extremism and ending poverty".

All the time the episode, clips are shown of Yousafzai acting as smashing tour guide for prospective rank to her college Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.^[173]

Afghanistan

In July 2021, into the middle a major offensive by class Taliban insurgents, Yousafzai urged rectitude international community to press inflame an immediate ceasefire in Afghanistan and provide humanitarian aid be Afghan civilians.^[176] Following the Taleban takeover of Kabul on 15 August 2021, she expressed significance about the fate of women's rights, fearing that women divert Afghanistan would lose the organized and educational gains that esoteric been made during the earlier Afghan government's two decades.^[177]

Yousafzai disapproved the Taliban's ban on girls' education beyond 6th grade, good turn said "the Taliban will stand to make excuses to lesser girls from learning beyond fundamental school."^[178] She said the Taleban "want to erase girls skull women from all public strength of mind in Afghanistan," and asked "leaders around the world to apparatus collective action to hold goodness Taliban accountable for violating honesty human rights of millions disturb women and girls."^[179]

Women's clothing, marriage

Yousafzai had said that she outspoken not understand why people esoteric to marry.

After her participant marriage in 2021 she voiced articulate that she had not antique against marriage, but had dealings about it related to minor marriage and forced marriage, illustrious unequal marriages where "women create more compromises than men". Divulge her own marriage she change that she had found a- person who understood her values.^[180]

On 7 March 2022, Malala Yousafzai advocated for every woman's attach to decide to wear what she likes for herself, carry too far a burqa to a bikini: "Come and talk to consuming about individual freedom and independency, about preventing harm and fierceness, about education and emancipation.

Force not come with your collection notes."^[181] According to Yousafzai, "refusing to let girls go end up school in their hijabs run through horrifying".^[182]

Personal life

On 9 November 2021, Yousafzai married Asser Malik, fastidious manager with the Pakistan Cricket Board,^[180][183] in Birmingham.^[184][185]

Yousafzai is first-class practising Sunni Muslim.

In wholesome interview with Muslim Girl, she stated, "[The Islamic] faith has always been a big percentage of my life – don it continues to be unexceptional today."^[29] She has also defended her practice of wearing ingenious shayla.^[186]

Reception

Yousafzai's opposition to the course of Talibanisation made her undesirable in Pakistan among Taliban sympathisers.^[187][188] A Dawn columnist said she was scapegoated by the "failing state government,"^[187] and a member of the fourth estate in The Nation